The type of television camera that stores a charge when light strikes a photosensitive surface is:

The correct answer is the charge coupled device (CCD). CCDs are a type of image sensor that works by converting light into electronic signals. When light hits the photosensitive surface of a CCD, it generates an electrical charge that corresponds to the intensity of the light. This charge is then transferred through the device and converted into a digital signal that can be processed to create an image.

CCDs are known for their high-quality image capture and are widely used in various imaging applications, including digital cameras and medical imaging equipment, because of their sensitivity to light and ability to produce clear images with good resolution.

In contrast, the other camera types mentioned operate using different principles. For example, the image-orthicon and vidicon cameras utilize electron beam scanning and have specific design characteristics that focus on different types of image processing technology. The plumbicon camera, similarly, utilizes a different mechanism based on the photoconductive properties of lead oxide. Each of these alternatives handles image capture in ways that do not involve the precise storage and transfer of electrical charge as seen in CCDs.