What best describes aberration in an optical system?

Aberration in an optical system is best defined as an undesirable characteristic that distorts the image. This phenomenon occurs when the lens or mirror fails to focus all incoming light to a single point, resulting in blurriness or distortion. Different types of aberrations, such as spherical aberration, chromatic aberration, and astigmatism, can affect image quality by causing various distortions.

When light rays pass through an imperfect optical system, the intended optical path is altered, leading to a reduction in clarity and fidelity of the image produced. As a result, aberrations hinder the performance of optical devices, such as cameras, microscopes, and telescopes, necessitating corrective measures or the use of specialized lenses to minimize their effects. This understanding is crucial for professionals working in fields that rely on precise imaging techniques, such as radiology or photography.